НУЖЕН НОРМАЛЬНЫЙ ПЕРЕВОД БЕЗ ПЕРЕВОДЧИКОВ
Medical Education in the USA
Dr. Frank Nelson and his colleagues from the Johns Hopkins Uni- versity School of Medicine had been guests for some time of the Sechenov Moscow Medical Academy. They had a meeting with the Professors and students of the Medical Faculty. This is what Dr. Nelson told them about the training of doctors in the USA.
Dr. Nelson: To begin with, after finishing his primary school and secondary studies at the age of 18, the candidate for a medical school must complete at least three years of higher education in a college or university.
This period of college or university studies is called «the pre-medical phase». The students who are taking this course of studies preparing them for a medical school are called «pre-meds». A student applies to a medical school when he has completed pre-medical studies. The application costs approximately $ 50.
Sasha Nikiforov: Dr. Nelson, would you kindly tell us about the selection of students for medical schools?
Dr. Nelson: Sure. Academic achievement is the most important factor in the selection of students. In most medical schools candidates are required to pass the admission test. This is a national multiple-choice test. The test lasts about eight hours over a one-day period and includes questions in biology, chemistry, physics, mathematics, and English. Then, special admission committees have personal interviews with the applicant in order to assess the candidate's general qualities, his character and his ability to study medicine.
Nina Mironova: Dr. Nelson, is there any competition among the applicants to medical school?
Dr. Nelson: There certainly is. I must tell you that the competition is very high and only about half of those who apply to medical school are accepted and begin their medical education. By the way, what we call «medical school» is «medical institute» in your country.
Dean of the Medical Faculty: Dr. Nelson, we know that the curriculum of medical schools in the USA does not greatly differ from the curriculum in our medical institutes. Is that right?
Dr. Nelson: Well, the basic sciences are taught largely during the first two years of medical studies. For instance, in the first year at Johns Hopkins students study anatomy, biophysics, biochemistry, physiology, bacteriology, histology and other subjects. In the second year they study microbiology, pathology, physical diagnosis, pharmacology and laboratory diagnosis.
The curriculum of the final two years includes clinical subjects. Medical students do their practicum at teaching hospitals affiliated to the medical school. Students in small groups meet their teachers in the wards and in the out-patient departments where they participate in the treatment of patients.
At the end of four years all students receive the Degree of Doctor of Medicine, that is the M.D. Then they must work for one year as interns. This course of training at the hospital or clinic is called an internship.
Dr. Smirnov: Dr. Nelson, yesterday we spoke about the work of young doctors. You told us that after their internship young doctors must have a period of residency at the clinic. For how many years must a doctor work as a resident?
Dr. Nelson: First of all, the period of residency is obligatory for all medical graduates. This period varies, depending on the specialty of the doctor. Generally, the period of residency is three or four years. For instance, residency in surgery and neurosurgery in the Johns Hopkins School of Medicine lasts four years. Residency in internal medicine,
preventive medicine and radiology lasts for three years. After the residency, the graduate is granted a licence to practice and he may work either in government service or in private practice.
Sasha Nikiforov: Dr. Nelson, what is the cost of medical education in America?
Dr. Nelson: Well, medical schools are gradually increasing their tuition fee in all the universities of the USA. Only a small percentage of the students receive scholarships. The majority of the students have to work to pay for their studies. The government-financed universities charge less, while the tuition of the private colleges and universities is extremely high. For instance, when I was a student (and it's much higher now), the cost of medical studies for one academic year at the Medical School of Cornell University in New York, which is privately endowed, was as follows:
Tuition - 9,100 dollars; books, instruments, etc. - 600 dollars; food
- 1,800 dollars; lodging and utilities - 1,400 dollars; health service fee
- 200 dollars; hospital insurance - 143 dollars, personal - 1,200. All in all it amounted to 14,443 dollars. These figures represent what used to be a typical budget for an academic year.
The Dean of the Medical Faculty thanked Dr. Nelson and his colleagues for the talk and invited them to visit the clinics of the Academy.
НУЖЕН НОРМАЛЬНЫЙ ПЕРЕВОД БЕЗ ПЕРЕВОДЧИКОВ
Medical Education in the USA
Dr. Frank Nelson and his colleagues from the Johns Hopkins Uni- versity School of Medicine had been guests for some time of the Sechenov Moscow Medical Academy. They had a meeting with the Professors and students of the Medical Faculty. This is what Dr. Nelson told them about the training of doctors in the USA.
Dr. Nelson: To begin with, after finishing his primary school and secondary studies at the age of 18, the candidate for a medical school must complete at least three years of higher education in a college or university.
This period of college or university studies is called «the pre-medical phase». The students who are taking this course of studies preparing them for a medical school are called «pre-meds». A student applies to a medical school when he has completed pre-medical studies. The application costs approximately $ 50.
Sasha Nikiforov: Dr. Nelson, would you kindly tell us about the selection of students for medical schools?
Dr. Nelson: Sure. Academic achievement is the most important factor in the selection of students. In most medical schools candidates are required to pass the admission test. This is a national multiple-choice test. The test lasts about eight hours over a one-day period and includes questions in biology, chemistry, physics, mathematics, and English. Then, special admission committees have personal interviews with the applicant in order to assess the candidate's general qualities, his character and his ability to study medicine.
Nina Mironova: Dr. Nelson, is there any competition among the applicants to medical school?
Dr. Nelson: There certainly is. I must tell you that the competition is very high and only about half of those who apply to medical school are accepted and begin their medical education. By the way, what we call «medical school» is «medical institute» in your country.
Dean of the Medical Faculty: Dr. Nelson, we know that the curriculum of medical schools in the USA does not greatly differ from the curriculum in our medical institutes. Is that right?
Dr. Nelson: Well, the basic sciences are taught largely during the first two years of medical studies. For instance, in the first year at Johns Hopkins students study anatomy, biophysics, biochemistry, physiology, bacteriology, histology and other subjects. In the second year they study microbiology, pathology, physical diagnosis, pharmacology and laboratory diagnosis.
The curriculum of the final two years includes clinical subjects. Medical students do their practicum at teaching hospitals affiliated to the medical school. Students in small groups meet their teachers in the wards and in the out-patient departments where they participate in the treatment of patients.
At the end of four years all students receive the Degree of Doctor of Medicine, that is the M.D. Then they must work for one year as interns. This course of training at the hospital or clinic is called an internship.
Dr. Smirnov: Dr. Nelson, yesterday we spoke about the work of young doctors. You told us that after their internship young doctors must have a period of residency at the clinic. For how many years must a doctor work as a resident?
Dr. Nelson: First of all, the period of residency is obligatory for all medical graduates. This period varies, depending on the specialty of the doctor. Generally, the period of residency is three or four years. For instance, residency in surgery and neurosurgery in the Johns Hopkins School of Medicine lasts four years. Residency in internal medicine,
preventive medicine and radiology lasts for three years. After the residency, the graduate is granted a licence to practice and he may work either in government service or in private practice.
Sasha Nikiforov: Dr. Nelson, what is the cost of medical education in America?
Dr. Nelson: Well, medical schools are gradually increasing their tuition fee in all the universities of the USA. Only a small percentage of the students receive scholarships. The majority of the students have to work to pay for their studies. The government-financed universities charge less, while the tuition of the private colleges and universities is extremely high. For instance, when I was a student (and it's much higher now), the cost of medical studies for one academic year at the Medical School of Cornell University in New York, which is privately endowed, was as follows:
Tuition - 9,100 dollars; books, instruments, etc. - 600 dollars; food
- 1,800 dollars; lodging and utilities - 1,400 dollars; health service fee
- 200 dollars; hospital insurance - 143 dollars, personal - 1,200. All in all it amounted to 14,443 dollars. These figures represent what used to be a typical budget for an academic year.
The Dean of the Medical Faculty thanked Dr. Nelson and his colleagues for the talk and invited them to visit the clinics of the Academy.
Medical Education in the USA
Dr. Frank Nelson and his colleagues from the Johns Hopkins Uni- versity School of Medicine had been guests for some time of the Sechenov Moscow Medical Academy. They had a meeting with the Professors and students of the Medical Faculty. This is what Dr. Nelson told them about the training of doctors in the USA.
Dr. Nelson: To begin with, after finishing his primary school and secondary studies at the age of 18, the candidate for a medical school must complete at least three years of higher education in a college or university.
This period of college or university studies is called «the pre-medical phase». The students who are taking this course of studies preparing them for a medical school are called «pre-meds». A student applies to a medical school when he has completed pre-medical studies. The application costs approximately $ 50.
Sasha Nikiforov: Dr. Nelson, would you kindly tell us about the selection of students for medical schools?
Dr. Nelson: Sure. Academic achievement is the most important factor in the selection of students. In most medical schools candidates are required to pass the admission test. This is a national multiple-choice test. The test lasts about eight hours over a one-day period and includes questions in biology, chemistry, physics, mathematics, and English. Then, special admission committees have personal interviews with the applicant in order to assess the candidate's general qualities, his character and his ability to study medicine.
Nina Mironova: Dr. Nelson, is there any competition among the applicants to medical school?
Dr. Nelson: There certainly is. I must tell you that the competition is very high and only about half of those who apply to medical school are accepted and begin their medical education. By the way, what we call «medical school» is «medical institute» in your country.
Dean of the Medical Faculty: Dr. Nelson, we know that the curriculum of medical schools in the USA does not greatly differ from the curriculum in our medical institutes. Is that right?
Dr. Nelson: Well, the basic sciences are taught largely during the first two years of medical studies. For instance, in the first year at Johns Hopkins students study anatomy, biophysics, biochemistry, physiology, bacteriology, histology and other subjects. In the second year they study microbiology, pathology, physical diagnosis, pharmacology and laboratory diagnosis.
The curriculum of the final two years includes clinical subjects. Medical students do their practicum at teaching hospitals affiliated to the medical school. Students in small groups meet their teachers in the wards and in the out-patient departments where they participate in the treatment of patients.
At the end of four years all students receive the Degree of Doctor of Medicine, that is the M.D. Then they must work for one year as interns. This course of training at the hospital or clinic is called an internship.
Dr. Smirnov: Dr. Nelson, yesterday we spoke about the work of young doctors. You told us that after their internship young doctors must have a period of residency at the clinic. For how many years must a doctor work as a resident?
Dr. Nelson: First of all, the period of residency is obligatory for all medical graduates. This period varies, depending on the specialty of the doctor. Generally, the period of residency is three or four years. For instance, residency in surgery and neurosurgery in the Johns Hopkins School of Medicine lasts four years. Residency in internal medicine,
preventive medicine and radiology lasts for three years. After the residency, the graduate is granted a licence to practice and he may work either in government service or in private practice.
Sasha Nikiforov: Dr. Nelson, what is the cost of medical education in America?
Dr. Nelson: Well, medical schools are gradually increasing their tuition fee in all the universities of the USA. Only a small percentage of the students receive scholarships. The majority of the students have to work to pay for their studies. The government-financed universities charge less, while the tuition of the private colleges and universities is extremely high. For instance, when I was a student (and it's much higher now), the cost of medical studies for one academic year at the Medical School of Cornell University in New York, which is privately endowed, was as follows:
Tuition - 9,100 dollars; books, instruments, etc. - 600 dollars; food
- 1,800 dollars; lodging and utilities - 1,400 dollars; health service fee
- 200 dollars; hospital insurance - 143 dollars, personal - 1,200. All in all it amounted to 14,443 dollars. These figures represent what used to be a typical budget for an academic year.
The Dean of the Medical Faculty thanked Dr. Nelson and his colleagues for the talk and invited them to visit the clinics of the Academy.
Похожие вопросы
Не можешь разобраться в этой теме?
Обратись за помощью к экспертам
Гарантированные бесплатные доработки в течение 1 года
Быстрое выполнение от 2 часов
Проверка работы на плагиат
Поможем написать учебную работу
Медицинское образование в США
Доктор Фрэнк Нельсон и его коллеги из Медицинской школы Университета Джонс Хопкинс были некоторое время гостями Московской медицинской академии имени Сеченова. Они встретились с профессорами и студентами медицинского факультета. Вот что доктор Нельсон рассказал им о подготовке врачей в Соединенных Штатах.
Доктор Нельсон: Во-первых, после окончания начальной школы и среднего образования в возрасте 18 лет кандидат в медицинское училище должен пройти по крайней мере три года высшего образования в колледже или университете.
Этот период обучения в колледже или университете называется «пре-медицинской фазой». Студенты, которые проходят этот курс обучения, готовящий их к поступлению в медицинское училище, называются «пре-медами». Студент подает заявление в медицинскую школу после завершения премедицинских исследований. Заявка стоит примерно 50 долларов.
Саша Никифоров: Доктор Нельсон, не могли бы вы рассказать нам о выборе студентов для медицинских школ?
Доктор Нельсон: Конечно. Успехи в учебе - самый важный фактор при выборе студентов. В большинстве медицинских школ кандидатам требуется сдать вступительный тест. Это национальный тест с множеством вариантов ответов. Тест длится около восьми часов за один день и включает вопросы по биологии, химии, физике, математике и английскому языку. Затем специальные приемные комиссии проводят личное интервью с заявителем с целью оценить общие качества кандидата, его характер и способность к изучению медицины.
Нина Миронова: Доктор Нельсон, есть ли конкуренция среди кандидатов в медицинскую школу?
Доктор Нельсон: Конечно. Я должен сказать, что конкуренция очень высока и только примерно половина тех, кто подает заявление в медицинскую школу, принимаются и начинают свое обучение в медицине. Кстати, то, что мы называем «медицинской школой», в вашей стране называется «медицинским институтом».
Декан медицинского факультета: Доктор Нельсон, мы знаем, что учебные планы медицинских школ в США не сильно отличаются от учебных планов в наших медицинских институтах. Это правда?
Доктор Нельсон: Ну, основные науки учатся в основном в течение первых двух лет медицинских исследований. Например, в первый год в университете Джонс Хопкинс студенты изучают анатомию, биофизику, биохимию, физиологию, бактериологию, гистологию и другие предметы. Во втором году они изучают микробиологию, патологию, физическую диагностику, фармакологию и лабораторное диагностирование.
Учебный план последних двух лет включает клинические предметы. Медицинские студенты проходят практику в обучающих больницах, аффилированных с медицинской школой. Студенты в небольших группах встречаются со своими учителями на отделениях и в поликлиниках, где они участвуют в лечении пациентов.
По итогам четырех лет все студенты получают степень доктора медицины, то есть MD. Затем им необходимо проработать один год как интерны. Этот курс обучения в больнице или клинике называется интернатурой.
Доктор Смирнов: Доктор Нельсон, вчера мы говорили о работе молодых врачей. Вы сказали, что после интернатуры молодые врачи должны пройти период резидентуры в клинике. Сколько лет врач должен работать в качестве резидента?
Доктор Нельсон: Прежде всего, период резидентуры обязателен для всех выпускников медицинских учебных заведений. Этот период варьируется в зависимости от специализации врача. Обычно период резидентуры составляет три или четыре года. Например, в университете медицины Джонс Хопкинса резидентура по хирургии и нейрохирургии длится четыре года. Резидентура по внутренней медицине, профилактической медицине и радиологии длится три года. После резидентуры выпускник получает лицензию на практику и может работать либо в государственной службе, либо в частной практике.
Саша Никифоров: Доктор Нельсон, сколько стоит медицинское образование в Америке?
Доктор Нельсон: Ну, медицинские школы постепенно увеличивают свою плату за обучение во всех университетах США. Только небольшой процент студентов получает стипендии. Большинству студентов приходится работать, чтобы оплатить свое обучение. Государственные университеты берут меньше, а плата за обучение в частных колледжах и университетах чрезвычайно высока. Например, когда я был студентом (и сейчас это гораздо дороже), стоимость медицинских исследований за один учебный год в Медицинской школе Корнеллского университета в Нью-Йорке, который частный, была следующей:
Обучение - 9,100 долларов; книги, инструменты и т. д. - 600 долларов; питание - 1,800 долларов; проживание и коммунальные услуги - 1,400 долларов; плата за медицинские услуги - 200 долларов; страхование от госпитализации - 143 долларов, личные расходы - 1,200 долларов. В общей сложности это составляло 14,443 доллара. Эти цифры представляют то, что когда-то был типичный бюджет на учебный год.
Декан медицинского факультета поблагодарил доктора Нельсона и его коллег за беседу и пригласил их посетить клиники академии.