1) 16c + (3c - 2) - (5c + 7) = 16c + 3c - 2 - 5c - 7 = 16c + 3c - 5c - 2 - 7 = 14c - 9;

2) 7 - 3(6y - 4) = 7 - 3 * 6y + 3 * 4 = 7 - 18y + 12 = 19 - 18y.