Main characters:

Kholstomer - The protagonist of the novel, a talking horse who gains intelligence, self-awareness, and the ability to reason. He becomes disillusioned with humanity and ultimately rebels against his masters.

Ivan Ivanovich - The horse's owner, a wealthy landowner who treats Kholstomer cruelly and ultimately betrays him.

Stepanida - Ivan Ivanovich's wife, who shows kindness to Kholstomer and forms a bond with him.

The stable master - A minor character who initially mistreats Kholstomer but later realizes the error of his ways and seeks to help him.

Secondary characters:

Fedor - A servant on Ivan Ivanovich's estate who befriends Kholstomer and helps him in his rebellion.

Other horses on the estate - Minor characters who interact with Kholstomer and provide context for his experiences.

Villagers - Background characters who observe Kholstomer's transformation and add depth to the novel's setting.