Pronunciation: English has many irregularities in pronunciation, making it challenging to accurately say words correctly.

Grammar: English grammar rules can be complicated and nuanced, leading to confusion in using tenses, sentence structures, and word order.

Vocabulary: English has a vast vocabulary with many synonyms and nuances in meaning, making it difficult to choose the right word in a given context.

Slang and idiomatic expressions: English is filled with slang and idiomatic expressions that may not have direct translations in other languages, causing confusion for learners.

Listening comprehension: English speakers often speak quickly and use informal language, which can be challenging for non-native speakers to understand.

Writing: English writing requires proper punctuation, spelling, and sentence structure, which can be daunting for learners to master.

Cultural nuances: Understanding the cultural context behind English language usage can be difficult for non-native speakers, as language is often intertwined with cultural norms and values.