1) -4(x+3) = 5 - (3x-1)
-4x - 12 = 5 - 3x + 1
-4x - 12 = -3x + 6
-4x + 3x = 6 + 12
-x = 18
x = -18

2) 4x^2 - 16 = 0
4x^2 = 16
x^2 = 4
x = ±2

3) 2x^2 + 3x = 0
x(2x + 3) = 0
x = 0 or 2x + 3 = 0
x = 0 or 2x = -3
x = 0 or x = -3/2

4) x^2 - 3x - 4 = 0
(x - 4)(x + 1) = 0
x = 4 or x = -1